Compare Chad (2004) - Cape Verde (2002)

Compare Chad (2004) z Cape Verde (2002)

	Chad (2004)	Cape Verde (2002)

Administrative divisions	14 prefectures (prefectures, singular - prefecture); Batha, Biltine, Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti, Chari-Baguirmi, Guera, Kanem, Lac, Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Mayo-Kebbi, Moyen-Chari, Ouaddai, Salamat, Tandjile note: instead of 14 prefectures, there may be a new administrative structure of 28 departments (departments, singular - department), and 1 city; Assongha, Baguirmi, Bahr El Gazal, Bahr Koh, Batha Oriental, Batha Occidental, Biltine, Borkou, Dababa, Ennedi, Guera, Hadjer Lamis, Kabia, Kanem, Lac, Lac Iro, Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Mandoul, Mayo-Boneye, Mayo-Dallah, Monts de Lam, N'Djamena, Ouaddai, Salamat, Sila, Tandjile Oriental, Tandjile Occidental, Tibesti	17 districts (concelhos, singular - concelho); Boa Vista, Brava, Calheta, Maio, Mosteiros, Paul, Praia, Porto Novo, Ribeira Grande, Sal, Santa Catarina, Santa Cruz, Sao Domingos, Sao Nicolau, Sao Filipe, Sao Vicente, Tarrafal
Age structure	0-14 years: 47.9% (male 2,297,490; female 2,269,801) 15-64 years: 49.3% (male 2,245,586; female 2,459,796) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 107,594; female 158,277) (2004 est.)	0-14 years: 41.9% (male 86,466; female 84,918) 15-64 years: 51.5% (male 100,684; female 109,841) 65 years and over: 6.6% (male 10,363; female 16,488) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	cotton, sorghum, millet, peanuts, rice, potatoes, manioc (tapioca); cattle, sheep, goats, camels	bananas, corn, beans, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, coffee, peanuts; fish
Airports	50 (2003 est.)	9 note: 3 airports are reported to be nonoperational (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 7 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)	total: 6 3 over 3,047 m: 1 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 44 1,524 to 2,437 m: 14 914 to 1,523 m: 20 under 914 m: 10 (2004 est.)	total: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2002)
Area	total: 1.284 million sq km land: 1,259,200 sq km water: 24,800 sq km	total: 4,033 sq km land: 4,033 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly more than three times the size of California	slightly larger than Rhode Island
Background	Chad, part of France's African holdings until 1960, endured three decades of ethnic warfare as well as invasions by Libya before a semblance of peace was finally restored in 1990. The government eventually suppressed or came to terms with most political-military groups, settled a territorial dispute with Libya on terms favorable to Chad, drafted a democratic constitution, and held multiparty presidential elections in 1996 and 1997. In 1998, a new rebellion broke out in northern Chad, which sporadically flares up despite two peace agreements signed in 2002 and 2003 between the government and the rebels. Despite movement toward democratic reform, power remains in the hands of a northern ethnic oligarchy.	The uninhabited islands were discovered and colonized by the Portuguese in the 15th century; they subsequently became a trading center for African slaves and later an important coaling and resupply stop for whaling and transatlantic shipping. Most Cape Verdeans have both African and Portuguese antecedents. Independence was achieved in 1975.
Birth rate	46.5 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)	27.81 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	revenues: $591.2 million expenditures: $680.9 million, including capital expenditures of $146 million (2003 est.)	revenues: $112 million expenditures: $198 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000)
Capital	N'Djamena	Praia
Climate	tropical in south, desert in north	temperate; warm, dry summer; precipitation meager and very erratic
Coastline	0 km (landlocked)	965 km
Constitution	passed by referendum 31 March 1996	new constitution came into force 25 September 1992; underwent a major revision on 23 November 1995, substantially increasing the powers of the president, and a further revision in 1999, to create the position of national ombudsman (Provedor de Justica)
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Chad conventional short form: Chad local long form: Republique du Tchad local short form: Tchad	conventional long form: Republic of Cape Verde conventional short form: Cape Verde local long form: Republica de Cabo Verde local short form: Cabo Verde
Currency	Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States	Cape Verdean escudo (CVE)
Death rate	16.38 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)	7.01 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	$1.1 billion (2000 est.)	$301 million (2000)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Christopher E. GOLDTHWAIT embassy: Avenue Felix Eboue, N'Djamena mailing address: B. P. 413, N'Djamena telephone: [235] (51) 70-09 FAX: [235] (51) 56-54	chief of mission: Ambassador Donald C. JOHNSON embassy: Rua Abilio m. Macedo 81, Praia mailing address: C. P. 201, Praia telephone: [238] 61 56 16, 61 56 17 FAX: [238] 61 13 55
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Hassaballah Abdelhadi Ahmat SOUBIANE chancery: 2002 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 462-4009 FAX: [1] (202) 265-1937	chief of mission: Ambassador Jose BRITO chancery: 3415 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: [1] (202) 965-6820 FAX: [1] (202) 965-1207 consulate(s) general: Boston
Disputes - international	civil war in Sudan overlaps into Chad as both states step up border patrols, leaving refugees and rebel groups in both countries; Chad serves as an important mediator in the Sudanese civil conflict; Chadian Aozou rebels reside in southern Libya; Lake Chad Commission continues to urge signatories Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria to ratify delimitation treaty over lake region; Chad rejects Nigerian request to redemarcate boundary, the site of periodic cross-border incidents	none
Economic aid - recipient	$238.3 million; note - $125 million committed by Taiwan (August 1997); $30 million committed by African Development Bank; ODA $150 million (2001 est.)	$136 million (1999)
Economy - overview	Chad's primarily agricultural economy will continue to be boosted by major oilfield and pipeline projects that began in 2000. Over 80% of Chad's population relies on subsistence farming and stock raising for its livelihood. Cotton, cattle, and gum arabic provide the bulk of Chad's export earnings, but Chad will begin to export oil in 2004. Chad's economy has long been handicapped by its landlocked position, high energy costs, and a history of instability. Chad relies on foreign assistance and foreign capital for most public and private sector investment projects. A consortium led by two US companies has been investing $3.7 billion to develop oil reserves estimated at 1 billion barrels in southern Chad. Oil production came on stream in late 2003.	Cape Verde suffers from a poor natural resource base, including serious water shortages exacerbated by cycles of long-term drought. The economy is service-oriented, with commerce, transport, and public services accounting for 70% of GDP. Although nearly 70% of the population lives in rural areas, the share of agriculture in GDP in 2001 was only 11%, of which fishing accounts for 1.5%. About 82% of food must be imported. The fishing potential, mostly lobster and tuna, is not fully exploited. Cape Verde annually runs a high trade deficit, financed by foreign aid and remittances from emigrants; remittances supplement GDP by more than 20%. Economic reforms, launched by the new democratic government in 1991, are aimed at developing the private sector and attracting foreign investment to diversify the economy. Prospects for 2002 depend heavily on the maintenance of aid flows, remittances, and the momentum of the government's development program.
Electricity - consumption	87.46 million kWh (2001)	38.13 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production	94.04 million kWh (2001)	41 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Djourab Depression 160 m highest point: Emi Koussi 3,415 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mt. Fogo 2,829 m (a volcano on Fogo Island)
Environment - current issues	inadequate supplies of potable water; improper waste disposal in rural areas contributes to soil and water pollution; desertification	soil erosion; demand for wood used as fuel has resulted in deforestation; desertification; environmental damage has threatened several species of birds and reptiles; illegal beach sand extraction; overfishing
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	200 distinct groups; in the north and center: Arabs, Gorane (Toubou, Daza, Kreda), Zaghawa, Kanembou, Ouaddai, Baguirmi, Hadjerai, Fulbe, Kotoko, Hausa, Boulala, and Maba, most of whom are Muslim; in the south: Sara (Ngambaye, Mbaye, Goulaye), Moundang, Moussei, Massa, most of whom are Christian or animist; about 1,000 French citizens live in Chad	Creole (mulatto) 71%, African 28%, European 1%
Exchange rates	Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar - 581.2 (2003), 696.988 (2002), 733.039 (2001), 711.976 (2000), 615.699 (1999)	Cape Verdean escudos per US dollar - 123.556 (January 2002), 115.877 (2000), 102.700 (1999), 98.158 (1998), 93.177 (1997)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY (since 4 December 1990) head of government: Prime Minister Pascal YOADIMNADJI (since 3 February 2005) cabinet: Council of State, members appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote to serve five-year term; if no candidate receives at least 50% of the total vote, the two candidates receiving the most votes must stand for a second round of voting; last held 20 May 2001 (next to be held NA 2006); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY reelected president; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY 63%, Ngarlegy YORONGAR 16%, Saleh KEBZABO 7% note: government coalition - MPS, UNDR, and URD	chief of state: President Pedro PIRES (since 22 March 2001) head of government: Prime Minister Jose Maria Pereira NEVES (since 1 February 2001) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 11 and 25 February 2001 (next to be held NA February 2006); prime minister nominated by the National Assembly and appointed by the president election results: Pedro PIRES elected president; percent of vote - Pedro PIRES (PAICV) 49.43%, Carlos VIEGA (MPD) 49.42%; note - the election was won by only twelve votes
Exports	NA (2001)	$27.3 million f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Exports - commodities	cotton, cattle, gum arabic	fuel, shoes, garments, fish, hides
Exports - partners	US 25%, Germany 17%, Portugal 15.9%, France 6.8%, Morocco 4.5% (2003)	Portugal 45%, UK 20%, Germany 20%, Guinea-Bissau 5% (1999)
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; similar to the flag of Romania; also similar to the flags of Andorra and Moldova, both of which have a national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; design was based on the flag of France	three horizontal bands of light blue (top, double width), white (with a horizontal red stripe in the middle third), and light blue; a circle of 10 yellow five-pointed stars is centered on the hoist end of the red stripe and extends into the upper and lower blue bands
GDP	purchasing power parity - $10.67 billion (2003 est.)	purchasing power parity - $600 million (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 32.4% industry: 18.8% services: 48.8% (2003 est.)	agriculture: 11% industry: 17% services: 72% (2001)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $1,200 (2003 est.)	purchasing power parity - $1,500 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	15% (2003 est.)	3% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates	15 00 N, 19 00 E	16 00 N, 24 00 W
Geography - note	landlocked; Lake Chad is the most significant water body in the Sahel	strategic location 500 km from west coast of Africa near major north-south sea routes; important communications station; important sea and air refueling site
Highways	total: 33,400 km paved: 267 km unpaved: 33,133 km (1999 est.)	total: 1,100 km paved: 858 km unpaved: 242 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs	-	used as a transshipment point for illicit drugs moving from Latin America and Asia destined for Western Europe; the lack of a well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center
Imports	NA (2001)	$218 million f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Imports - commodities	machinery and transportation equipment, industrial goods, petroleum products, foodstuffs, textiles	foodstuffs, industrial products, transport equipment, fuels
Imports - partners	France 28.6%, US 20.7%, Cameroon 14.6%, Netherlands 4.7% (2003)	Portugal 52%, Germany 7%, France 4%, UK 3% (1999)
Independence	11 August 1960 (from France)	5 July 1975 (from Portugal)
Industrial production growth rate	5% (1995)	NA%
Industries	oil, cotton textiles, meatpacking, beer brewing, natron (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes, construction materials	food and beverages, fish processing, shoes and garments, salt mining, ship repair
Infant mortality rate	total: 94.78 deaths/1,000 live births male: 104.01 deaths/1,000 live births female: 85.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)	51.86 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	6% (2003 est.)	3% (2001)
International organization participation	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW (signatory), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	1 (2002)
Irrigated land	200 sq km (1998 est.)	30 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Criminal Courts; Magistrate Courts	Supreme Tribunal of Justice or Supremo Tribunal de Justia
Labor force	NA (2002)	NA
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture more than 80% (subsistence farming, herding, and fishing)	-
Land boundaries	total: 5,968 km border countries: Cameroon 1,094 km, Central African Republic 1,197 km, Libya 1,055 km, Niger 1,175 km, Nigeria 87 km, Sudan 1,360 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 2.86% permanent crops: 0.02% other: 97.12% (2001)	arable land: 9.68% permanent crops: 0.5% other: 89.82% (1998 est.)
Languages	French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), more than 120 different languages and dialects	Portuguese, Crioulo (a blend of Portuguese and West African words)
Legal system	based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	derived from the legal system of Portugal
Legislative branch	bicameral according to constitution, consists of a National Assembly (155 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and a Senate (not yet created and size unspecified, members to serve six-year terms, one-third of membership renewable every two years) elections: National Assembly - last held 21 April 2002 (next to be held in NA April 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MPS 110, RDP 12, FAR 9, RNDP 5, URD 5, UNDR 3, others 11	unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (72 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 14 January 2001 (next to be held NA December 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - PAICV 47.3%, MPD 39.8%, ADM 6%, other 6.9%; seats by party - PAICV 40, MPD 30, ADM 2
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 48.24 years male: 46.91 years female: 49.63 years (2004 est.)	total population: 69.52 years male: 66.23 years female: 72.91 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write French or Arabic total population: 47.5% male: 56% female: 39.3% (2003 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 71.6% male: 81.4% female: 63.8% (1995 est.)
Location	Central Africa, south of Libya	Western Africa, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Senegal
Map references	Africa	Political Map of the World
Maritime claims	none (landlocked)	measured from claimed archipelagic baselines contiguous zone: 24 NM exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	-	total: 4 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,395 GRT/6,614 DWT ships by type: cargo 3, chemical tanker 1 note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: United Kingdom 1 (2002 est.)
Military branches	Armed Forces: National Army (ANT), Air Force, and Republican Guard	Army, Coast Guard
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$55.4 million (2003)	$9.3 million (FY01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	2.1% (2003)	1.6% (FY01)
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 2,008,825 (2004 est.)	males age 15-49: 92,486 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 1,051,802 (2004 est.)	males age 15-49: 52,215 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 91,231 (2004 est.)	-
National holiday	Independence Day, 11 August (1960)	Independence Day, 5 July (1975)
Nationality	noun: Chadian(s) adjective: Chadian	noun: Cape Verdean(s) adjective: Cape Verdean
Natural hazards	hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues	prolonged droughts; seasonal harmattan wind produces obscuring dust; volcanically and seismically active
Natural resources	petroleum, uranium, natron, kaolin, fish (Lake Chad)	salt, basalt rock, limestone, kaolin, fish
Net migration rate	-0.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)	-12.26 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Pipelines	oil 205 km (2004)	-
Political parties and leaders	Federation Action for the Republic or FAR [Ngarlejy YORONGAR]; National Rally for Development and Progress or RNDP [Mamadou BISSO]; National Union for Democracy and Renewal or UNDR [Saleh KEBZABO]; Patriotic Salvation Movement or MPS [Mahamat Saleh AHMAT, chairman] (originally in opposition but now the party in power and the party of the president); Rally for Democracy and Progress or RPD [leader NA]; Union for Renewal and Democracy or URD [Gen. Wadal Abdelkader KAMOUGUE]; Viva Rally for Development and Progress or Viva RNDP [Delwa Kassire COUMAKOYE]	African Party for Independence of Cape Verde or PAICV [Jose Maria Pereira NEVES, chairman]; Democratic Alliance for Change or ADM [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO] (a coalition of PCD, PTS, and UCID); Democratic Christian Party or PDC [Manuel RODRIGUES, chairman]; Democratic Renovation Party or PRD [Jacinto SANTOS, president]; Movement for Democracy or MPD [Agostinho LOPES, president]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO, president]; Party of Work and Solidarity or PTS [Anibal MEDINA, president]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Joao ALEM, president]
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	NA
Population	9,538,544 (July 2004 est.)	408,760 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	80% (2001 est.)	30% (2000)
Population growth rate	3% (2004 est.)	0.85% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	none	Mindelo, Praia, Tarrafal
Radio broadcast stations	AM 2, FM 4, shortwave 5 (2002)	AM 0, FM 15 (and 17 repeaters), shortwave 0 (2002)
Radios	-	100,000 (2002 est.)
Railways	-	0 km
Religions	Muslim 51%, Christian 35%, animist 7%, other 7%	Roman Catholic (infused with indigenous beliefs); Protestant (mostly Church of the Nazarene)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2004 est.)	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.63 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: primitive system domestic: fair system of radiotelephone communication stations international: country code - 235; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)	general assessment: effective system, being improved domestic: interisland microwave radio relay system with both analog and digital exchanges; work is in progress on a submarine fiber-optic cable system which is scheduled for completion in 2003 international: 2 coaxial submarine cables; HF radiotelephone to Senegal and Guinea-Bissau; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	11,800 (2002)	60,935 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	65,000 (2003)	28,119 (2002)
Television broadcast stations	1 (2002)	1 (and 7 repeaters) (2002)
Terrain	broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest, lowlands in south	steep, rugged, rocky, volcanic
Total fertility rate	6.38 children born/woman (2004 est.)	3.91 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	NA (2000)	21% (2000 est.)
Waterways	Chari and Legone rivers are navigable only in wet season (2002)	none

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